In many situations we have a 12V DC source available, such as car batteries, adapters, or general power supplies. However, most electronic devices and microcontrollers need only 5V DC to work safely. Supplying 12V directly can damage sensitive electronic components on circuit boards, so we need a circuit that converts 12V into a stable 5V regulated output. The LM7805 IC is a simple and reliable voltage regulator that makes this conversion easy.
This module converts a 7-15V DC input into a regulated 5V DC output at up to 1 Amp with thermal overload protection and output short circuit protection. The built‑in USB Type‑A port provides a convenient plug‑and‑play solution. It can be used to charge devices such as smartphones, earphones, and power banks in emergency situations from a 12V battery, or adapters to power USB‑based circuit boards such as microcontrollers and sensors.
Components list
The following components are required to build this power supply circuit board.
- U1: LM7805CT voltage regulator IC (1 pcs)
- J1: DC barrel female connector (1 pcs)
- J2: USB type-A 4-pins female connector (1 pcs)
- D1, D2: 1N4007 general purpose diode (2 pcs)
- LED1: 3mm green LED (1 pcs)
- C1: 220uF, 50V electrolytic capacitor (1 pcs)
- C2: 220uF, 16V electrolytic capacitor (1 pcs)
- C3: 330nF ceramic capacitor (1 pcs)
- R1: 1kΩ 1/4W resistor (1 pcs)
- R2: 330Ω 1/4W resistor (1 pcs)
- TO-220 aluminium heatsink (1 pcs)
- M3 x 10mm pan head screw (2 pcs)
- Vero board (1 pcs)
Circuit diagram
Schematic of 12V DC to regulated 5V DC USB power supply circuit as shown below.
Components assembly
As per the circuit, the components are assembled on a Vero board as shown below.
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